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- <text id=94TT1157>
- <title>
- Aug. 29, 1994: Rwanda:Hell Postponed:Burundi's Fear
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Aug. 29, 1994 Nuclear Terror for Sale
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- RWANDA, Page 56
- Hell Postponed: Burundi's Balance of Fear
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By Marguerite Michaels/Bujumbura
- </p>
- <p> Local people call their country "the Burundi cocktail." Its
- volatile ethnic mixture seems ready to explode at any time.
- Rwanda's next-door neighbor to the south is virtually a mirror
- image of that devastated country, threatened by the same passionate
- hatreds. As in Rwanda, Burundi's dense population is divided
- between two tribes, 85% Hutu and 15% Tutsi. As in Rwanda, Belgian
- colonialization hoisted the status of the Tutsi, who after independence
- slowly lost power to the majority Hutu. And as in Rwanda, the
- potential for ethnic violence has risen to the surface in the
- political vacuum left by the assassination of the Presidents
- of both countries last April. Now "every Hutu goes to sleep
- afraid he will be killed by a Tutsi," says Sicaire Ndikymana,
- a taxi driver in Bujumbura, the capital. "Every Tutsi goes to
- sleep afraid he will be killed by a Hutu."
- </p>
- <p> After gaining independence from Belgium in 1962, Burundi was
- run largely by Tutsi. But a series of deadly clashes with the
- Hutu forced the Tutsi-dominated government gradually to share
- power, even permitting election of the country's first Hutu
- President, Melchior Ndadaye, in June 1993. That process came
- to an abrupt halt in October when Ndadaye was murdered in a
- failed coup by renegade Tutsi troops, who feared the Hutu were
- grabbing too many civilian jobs and military posts for themselves.
- In a wave of ensuing reprisals, 100,000 Burundians were killed
- and 500,000 left their homes to gather in safer encampments.
- The country's interim President, also a Hutu, died with Rwanda's
- leader.
- </p>
- <p> While Rwandans set about hacking one another to pieces in the
- frenzy of killing that followed the April assassinations, Burundi's
- Hutu and Tutsi parties struggled to agree on a new President.
- They might have succeeded if the Rwandan capital of Kigali had
- not fallen to the Tutsi-dominated Rwandan Patriotic Front on
- July 4. The victory emboldened Burundi's Tutsi opposition to
- make more demands, creating a dangerous stalemate. "There is
- a government, but the whole structure is weak and barely functioning,"
- says a Western diplomat in Bujumbura. "There are 27 ministers,
- 11 of whom are from the opposition. There is an interim President
- afraid of his own shadow." The Tutsi-dominated military hovers
- in the background, alert for an opportunity to take power. And
- more than 230,000 Hutu refugees from Rwanda complicate any attempts
- to govern: an exodus from the French protected zone could add
- tens of thousands more.
- </p>
- <p> As caretaker leader Sylvestre Ntibantunganya attempts to placate
- the Tutsi opposition and restless army, his perceived weakness
- has encouraged violence from extremists on both sides. Since
- the failed coup, neighborhoods in Bujumbura have split into
- ethnic enclaves where residents are forced to travel through
- enemy territory to go to work or shop. Buses had to be hired
- to move people around safely. Ethnic violence this month alone
- has left nearly 20 dead, including a United Nations staff member.
- </p>
- <p> On Aug. 8, protesting the arrest of an opposition leader jailed
- for inciting riots, Tutsi youths in Bujumbura organized a general
- strike and set up barricades of burning tires to prevent people
- from going to work. Quiet returned to the city a few days later
- but was quickly broken when grenades were lobbed into crowds.
- Hutu extremist groups, newly armed with Rwandan weapons coming
- into Burundi from Zaire, have reorganized to mount counterattacks.
- </p>
- <p> Last week the U.N. offered peacekeeping troops to prevent further
- fighting. Burundi's ruling Hutu party and the Tutsi-dominated
- army both refused. Meanwhile, the economy is sinking fast. All
- international aid to Burundi has been suspended until a new
- President is named. As a result, industrial production has dropped
- 20%; by the end of November, the government may not even be
- able to meet its payroll.
- </p>
- <p> The only thing now holding the country together is a delicate
- equilibrium of fear. On one hand there is each ethnic group's
- terror of the other. Counterbalancing that is the fear that
- if either side gives in to its worst impulses, Burundi will
- detonate as Rwanda did. "It's a tense, threatening atmosphere,"
- says Irish aid worker Orla Quinlan. "Every time someone is attacked
- or killed, you say that's it. That's the trigger that will blow
- Burundi apart."
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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